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Basshead Songs: Put Your Subwoofer System to the Test

Basshead SongsWhen you think of the stereotypical car audio system, most people imagine compact cars with large subwoofers in the trunk being driven around late at night, rattling the china in the cupboard and being annoying. While many stereotypical bassheads are still out there giving the industry a bad reputation, a much larger group of enthusiasts thrives on hearing basshead songs on a reference-quality sound system.

Imagine you are sitting at the console at Abbey Road Studios in London, the Record Plant in Los Angeles or even Deadmau5’s reference-level home studio in Ontario, Canada. You’re listening to your favorite artist’s latest album the same way the mastering technician wanted you to hear it. For an audiophile, this would be the Holy Grail of musical experiences.

For those of us who love to hear our music the way the artist and producers truly intended, a premium audio system in your car is a great escape from reality while on your way to work, school or home. As a follow up to our Bang For Your Buck series on subwoofers, we decided it would be fun to look into some real tweaky, geeky basshead music. No, not necessarily the latest jams from Jay-Z or Flo Rida, but tracks that have bass so deep that you can typically only feel it — if your system is up to the challenge!

Finding Basshead Songs

We put the call out to our industry friends and asked them for their bass infrasonic subwoofer demos. The majority of the list came back with tracks with awesome bass lines that varied in frequency from 50Hz to around 30Hz. While these are a LOT of fun and easy to make very, very loud, that’s not what we are after in this article. We want the rumble. We want tracks that send your subwoofers into convulsions at incredible excursion levels. Call them Voice Coil Cookers or Woofer Killers; these tracks offer amazing bass lines that most systems struggle to reproduce.

We sorted through about 75 tracks using Adobe Audition. Audition allows us to look at the spectral content of a track quickly to find out how low it extends. We’ve included spectral content charts for each track that shows frequency along the vertical scale, time across the horizontal scale and amplitude shown as color intensity from black through purple and orange. Brighter colors mean that the information at those frequencies is louder. We’ve thrown in a few honorable mentions that are a lot of fun, even if they don’t strictly meet our criteria for infrasonic fun!

Strap in friends, this is going to be a lot of fun. Oh, and if you blow up your subwoofers trying to play these, uh, sorry, or maybe, you’re welcome!

“Boom Boom Pow” from The Black Eyed Peas album The E.N.D. (language)

Basshead SongsThe monologue introduction to “Boom Boom Pow” by will.i.am builds to a crescendo from the 45-second mark, peaking with infrasonic information from :50 to 1:03. Content during this time extends solidly down to 7 Hz. There is another drop at 2:18, and the section from 3:13 to 3:42 contains a lot of infrasonic content. If your system is up to the challenge, this track has it all: a solid conventional bass line and enough content below 20Hz to make any true basshead happy!

“Hoods Run Down” from Lil Wyte’s album Phinally Phamous (explicit lyrics)

Basshead SongsOften referred to as Bass Check, “Hoods Run Down” by Lil Wyte is a rap song that starts with an introduction and the DJ plays five sequentially lower tones. The first is centered at 41Hz, and most factory sound systems can handle this one with no problem. The second “beat” is at 35Hz, and you are going to need at least a small sub to catch this one. The third drop is centered around 27Hz and will tax premium factory systems and aftermarket systems tuned to boom rather than rumble. Now things are getting fun! The second-to-last tone is centered at 20Hz and is going to be a workout for most vented enclosures. Pay attention; speaker damage may ensue! The last beat is centered around 16Hz. You are going to need serious cone area and power to feel this one with any authority. The rest of the song continues with a standard bassline with information around 30Hz. A good workout for your stereo and a nice gentle massage for the ride home.

“3 A.M.” fea. Timbaland from Young Jeezy’s album The Inspiration (explicit lyrics)

Basshead SongsAnother classic rap track, “3 A.M.” features a steady bass line that extends down to around 30Hz, giving almost any sound system a chance to sound great. Interspersed randomly through the track are bass drops down to the single digits. There is lots of 9Hz content at the :57 and 2:01 marks. These don’t last long, but they are reasonably loud. You’ll hear 10-cycle beats at 0:37, 1:03, 1:54, 2:45, 3:11 and 3:37. There is lots of 50Hz content during these drops, so it might be hard to pick them out, but they are there.

“Jurassic Lunch” from Erich Kunzel & The Cincinnati Pops Orchestra’s The Great Fantasy Adventure Album

Basshead SongsThis is more of a demo track than a song. Included on The Great Fantasy Adventure Album with main title themes from movies like Terminator 2, Clash of the Titans, Total Recall and The Abyss, “Jurassic Lunch” is a short 1:11 track at the end of the album. The track starts with birds chirping in the jungle. At the 13-second mark, a series of pulsations centered at 12Hz and 24Hz start. These continue to the 29-second mark, where harmonics are included that provide content above 30 cycles. It’s only then that you realize you are hearing the footsteps of the Tyrannosaurus rex stomping through the Jungle. Around the 39-second mark, you start to hear tree branches breaking with each step, and then at the 45-second mark, the roar of the Rex overpowers the track as he devours his prey. Of course, Kunzel included lots of bone-cracking and crunching around the 51-second mark. The Rex savors his meal from the 51- to 56-second mark, where he rewards himself with a giant burp that peaks with information down to 10Hz at the 59-second mark. This track serves as an awesome demonstration of a true subwoofer system.

“White Rabbit” from the Blue Man Group album The Complex

Basshead SongsThis remake of “White Rabbit” by Jefferson Airplane features the required tuned PVC tubing percussion that has made Blue Man Group so unique. Though this track doesn’t share the intense infrasonic peaks of our other suggestions, it maintains an impressive level of 15-cycle content throughout the almost three-minute-long track. There is very evenly dispersed mid-bass energy in this track as well — a great challenge for your door speakers.

“Terminator Theme” from Erich Kunzel & The Cincinnati Pops Orchestra’s The Great Fantasy Adventure Album

Basshead SongsAnother fun track from The Great Fantasy Adventure Album is the Terminator theme. This haunting track is full of special effects and mechanical sounds that remind listeners of the end scene of Terminator 2 as the machine slowly lowers himself into the mass of molten steel in the refinery. While most of the percussion comes from kettle drums in the 47-48 Hz range, the closing of the track features an explosion that starts at the 3:11 mark and peaks with 11Hz information from 3:14 to 3:16. A fitting ending to a great track.

J.S. Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D Minor from Don Dorsey’s album Bachbusters

Basshead SongsThis track goes back, waaaay back! Scholars think that Bach wrote this classic piece of organ music between 1704 and 1750 (when he died). Even those who don’t listen to classical music recognize this track. Don Dorsey released Bachbusters, a synthesizer-based take on some of Johann Sebastian Bach’s greatest pieces, in 1985. The album took first place on the Billboard classical music chart and has been popular with car audio enthusiasts ever since.

This track culminates with the synthesized organ playing deeper and deeper until the 5:17 mark where a sustained 19 Hz note serves as the climax and is sustained for a full 11 seconds. Heh, heh.. Fun!

“Centipede” from the Knife Party album Rage Valley

Basshead SongsThere had to be some dubstep in this list somewhere, right? “Centipede” is a somewhat creepy track that is full of fun bass. While the focus of the bass line is around 40Hz, the track contains content with good output levels down to the 10Hz range. While we doubt most clubs could reproduce this infrasonic information with serious output levels, the sensation of listening to this in a well-designed mobile audio system would be fantastic. It’s also really loud: The VU meters remain pinned at the 0dB mark for the majority of the track.

Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture performed by Erich Kunzel and the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra

Basshead SongsAnother all-time-classic classical recording is Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture. This recording is known for its jaw-dropping cannon blasts at the end. When played back on a vinyl record, all but the very best turntable configurations will result in the needle jumping out of the track as the cannons go off. The first five cannon blasts appear at 12:36 into the track. The second and most impressive group begins at 14:41, with the blast at 14:55 containing low-frequency energy that extends down to nearly DC levels. Call it one to two Hertz if you want – it makes no difference.

“Purple Lamborghini” by Skrillex and Rick Ross on Suicide Squad: The Album (explicit lyrics)

Basshead Songs“Purple Lamborghini” won a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media. This rap track contains a bass line that is centered around 38Hz for the majority of the track. But the fun doesn’t stop there: Four times in the track, the bass sweeps from 50 down to 22Hz with impressive output. The video features Rick Ross, Skrillex and none other than Jared Leto in full Joker garb.

“Put On” fea. Kanye West from Young Jeezy’s album The Recession (explicit lyrics)

Basshead Songs“Put On” makes our list with what we’ll call an honorable mention. The track doesn’t dig hard into the infrasonic region but contains four drops that repeat through the entire track. The first is up at 55Hz and is classic rap music bass. The second is at 44Hz and the third is at 36Hz, giving your body a nice massage. The last is centered around 27Hz and will give your subwoofers a good workout. We included this track because the 27Hz bass line appears no less than 22 times in this 5:21-second track.

“This Means War” from the Avenged Sevenfold album Hail to The King

Basshead SongsThe second of our three Honorable Mention tracks is “This Means War” by Avenged Sevenfold. This rock track opens with well-recorded percussion and guitar. At the 25-second mark, there is a rumble of thunder with great content down to 20 Hz that slowly fades to the 30-second mark. The remainder of the track only gets down to about 40Hz, but the kick drum is well-recorded and the entire track is well worth listening to.

“Supercut” from Lorde’s album Melodrama

Basshead SongsAnother honorable mention is Lorde’s “Supercut.” Though the main bass line remains focused between 40 and 60 Hz for the majority of the track, the section of the song from 2:34 to 3:05 has a surprising amount of information that extends down to 10 cycles at a moderate level.

“Supermarket Flowers” from Ed Sheeran’s album ÷ (Divide)

Basshead SongsWinning our “what the heck is that doing there?” award is “Supermarket Flowers” by Ed Sheeran. This track features Sheeran accompanied by a piano for the majority of the track. At the 2:08 mark, a synthesizer comes in to add some a gentle bass line to the track. The lowest notes are 28Hz at the 2:32 mark. While not the infrasonic content we were searching for, this remains a nice surprise in what would be described as a nice song.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

Filed Under: ARTICLES, Car Audio, RESOURCE LIBRARY

Bang For Your Buck: Car Audio Subwoofer Enclosures

Car Audio Subwoofer EnclosuresBeyond the features and design of a subwoofer, no single factor affects the performance of a subwoofer system more than car audio subwoofer enclosures and their design. There are several popular enclosure design options available, each with their own unique set of benefits and drawbacks. The most popular enclosures are an acoustic suspension (sealed) and bass reflex (vented or ported) designs. We will close this “Bang For Your Buck” subwoofer discussion with a quick look and bandpass style enclosures.

Acoustic Suspension Subwoofer EnclosuresCar Audio Subwoofer Enclosures

Acoustic suspension subwoofer enclosures are quite simply a sealed cabinet that adds to the compliance of the subwoofer system. This added compliance acts as a high-pass filter and reduces bass output, but also serves to increase excursion-limited power handling. If you look at the graphs below, the yellow curve shows a high-quality 10-inch car audio subwoofer in a 1.2 cubic foot acoustic suspension enclosure. The red curve shows the frequency response of the same subwoofer in a 0.5 cubic foot enclosure.

Car Audio Subwoofer EnclosuresAs you can see, above 60Hz, the smaller enclosure is a little bit louder but remains within a decibel or two. Below 50Hz is where things start to vary more. The larger enclosure is 2.15 dB louder at 35Hz and 3.35 dB louder at 25 Hz. While it might not appear dramatic, 3dB is the equivalent of having twice as much power driving the subwoofer. However, this increase in efficiency comes with no thermal power handling penalty.

Speaking of power handling, we should look at the physical power handling limits of these subwoofers based on cone excursion. The subwoofer in question has an Xmax specification of 19 mm in each direction from its rest position. The graph below shows the predicted cone excursion of the subwoofer when driven with 500 watts (the maximum power for which it is rated).

Car Audio Subwoofer EnclosuresOnce again, above 60Hz, there is minimal difference in the excursion between the two drivers. Below that, the larger volume of air in the big enclosure has less effect on the stiffness of the subwoofer system. The result is the subwoofer moves farther for each watt of power. If you compare the excursion graph to the frequency response graph, the efficiency levels are directly correlated.

As a summary, sealed enclosures are the simplest to design and are the most forgiving of construction errors regarding net volume. In most cases, sealed enclosures are also the smallest, making them extremely popular.

Bass Reflex Subwoofer Enclosures

Car Audio Subwoofer EnclosuresThe second popular option for a subwoofer enclosure is a bass reflex design. In this enclosure, a vent is added to the enclosure and is tuned to resonate at a specific frequency to increase the output of the system. If we take our 1.2 cubic foot enclosure and add a vent that is tuned to 30 Hz, you can see in the red curve on the graph below that we pick up an astonishing 6.9 dB of output at 30 Hz.

Car Audio Subwoofer EnclosuresNow, while most vented enclosures are larger than their sealed brethren, the benefit is often an increase in output that is potentially more than having two subs in a sealed design. In fact, this vented design is louder from 20 to 60Hz than three identical subs in an enclosure that is 50% larger (1.8 cubic feet).

Besides efficiency, there is a second benefit to a bass reflex enclosure design. Cone excursion is dramatically reduced through the majority of the operating range. The graph below shows the cone excursion vs. frequency response of the 1.2 cubic foot sealed (yellow) and vented (red) enclosures. The null (reduction in excursion) at 30 Hz is caused by the tuning of the vent. At this frequency, the majority of the output from the subwoofer system comes from the vent itself.

Car Audio Subwoofer EnclosuresThis reduction in cone excursion increases physical power handling and also reduces distortion – as long as you have designed and constructed the vent properly. Vents need to have a large enough area so that air velocity in the vent is kept to a minimum. The mouth of the vent also needs to have a large radius

As with anything, there are always drawbacks. There is very little cone motion control below the tuning frequency of a bass reflex enclosure. In this 1.2 cubic foot vented design, the driver will reach its 19mm excursion limit at 22Hz when driven with 500 watts of power. Below that frequency, the sub will move more than it’s rated for and distortion will increase dramatically. This excursion issue can be offset by implementing an infrasonic (high-pass) filter around 20 Hz to reduce the power sent to the driver. Many subwoofer amplifiers have infrasonic filters built-in. Most digital signal processors can do the same thing.

Bandpass Subwoofer Enclosure Designs

Car Audio Subwoofer EnclosuresBandpass enclosures are called that because they not only act as a high-pass filter but as a low-pass filter as well. A typical bandpass enclosure features two chambers. The woofer is mounted between these chambers. In a single-tuned enclosure (often referred to as a fourth-order bandpass or single- reflex bandpass), one of the chambers includes a vent from which all the sound is created. A benefit of this design is the ability to feed that vent through an opening in a rear parcel shelf or similar to ensure coupling with the interior of the vehicle.

Car Audio Subwoofer EnclosuresThe second bandpass enclosure design is a Double-tuned design where both the front and rear chambers are vented. In a Series-tuned bandpass enclosure, the large rear chamber vent feeds into the front chamber. In a parallel-tuned design, the vents from each chamber feed directly into the listening area. Double-tuned bandpass designs are often referred to a sixth-order or dual-reflex designs.

Depending on the type of bandpass enclosure you choose to construct, you may gain some significant excursion-based power handling, and some overall system efficiency through it’s operating range. The main drawback of a bandpass enclosure is its complex design and sensitivity to construction errors. Unlike a simple sealed enclosure, errors in speaker parameters and simulations can produce unpredictable and potentially unwanted results.

The second challenge posed by bandpass design lies in the lack of mid-bass they produce. The low-pass filter abruptly reduces (relatively) high-frequency output. This filtering effect can make it very difficult to achieve a smooth transition between the output of a subwoofer system and the midrange or mid-bass drivers in a system.

The third challenge of a bandpass enclosure is the physical size. Put simply, if you expect low-frequency performance similar to a typical bass-reflex design, the bandpass enclosure will be physically larger. With space at a premium in modern vehicles, this could be reason enough to avoid them.

Picking the Right Enclosure for Your Vehicle

In most systems, the choice of enclosure design will come down to the space available. If you are trying to minimize the impact of a subwoofer on the available storage space in your vehicle, a sealed enclosure may be the best choice. If you want increased efficiency, then consider a bass-reflex design. If you have a unique application that requires a bandpass design, then by all means, go for it. But be prepared to pay more for the required design, fabrication and testing time required to get these enclosures perfect.

Car Audio Subwoofer EnclosuresA quick note on “basic” subwoofer systems. Over the years, we’ve seen a LOT of retailers offer “bass packages” that include a sub, amplifier, enclosure and often a wiring kit. In the majority of these packages, the retailer has paired an inexpensive sub with an inexpensive amp and a sealed subwoofer enclosure to minimize the total cost of the system. When you are limited in power and output capabilities, upgrading these packages to a bass reflex enclosure is a great investment. You will typically double the efficiency of the system and reduce the chances of damage to the driver caused by overpowering it.

When it’s time to pick a subwoofer enclosure for your vehicle, work with your local mobile enhancement retailer. They will help design a solution that will balance your performance and space expectations. It’s not a complicated process, but, having someone with experience will make it much easier and more predictable.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

Filed Under: ARTICLES, Car Audio, RESOURCE LIBRARY

Bang for Your Buck: Car Audio Subwoofer System Options

Car Audio SubwooferNo single upgrade to an audio system offers a larger improvement in sound quality than the addition of a car audio subwoofer. Adding a subwoofer not only improves the low-frequency performance of your sound system, it can also improve the clarity of the entire system and enhance the volume level capabilities of the smaller speakers in your car. In this issue of Bang for Your Buck, we are going to look at a few popular subwoofer upgrade options available for adding bass to your vehicle.

What is a Car Audio Subwoofer?

Car Audio SubwooferIn the simplest of terms, a subwoofer is a large speaker designed to play frequencies below 100 Hz at relatively high output levels. Subwoofers are most commonly available in 10- and 12-inch sizes, but 6.5-, 8-, 13.5- and 15-inch subs are also readily available.

To reproduce low-frequency information with authority, a speaker has to move a lot of air. In fact, for every octave lower a speaker is to play, it has to move four times as far to produce the same volume level. If your sub is moving 1 mm back and forth at 80 Hz, it has to move 4 mm at 40 Hz and an impressive 16 mm at 20 Hz. Most people find a pulsing bass line of 40–50 Hz to be fun. That said, feeling the rumble of deep bass like the introduction to “Boom Boom Pow” by the Black Eyed Peas or the pulse in Pink Floyd’s “Time” can cause goosebumps.

Subwoofer Power Handling

Most people associate subwoofers with their power-handling capabilities. While not a direct determining factor in the quality of a subwoofer, power handling is important in terms of choosing the right subwoofer for your sound system. If you want to listen to your sound system at high volume levels, you need powerful amplifiers and speakers that can handle that power while being able to move adequately to reproduce sound at high levels. It is no surprise that the output and power handling are directly related, since it takes amplifier power to make a speaker cone move.

Car Audio SubwooferPicking “enough” subwoofer depends on several factors. How loud is loud enough? How much space can you afford to give the subwoofer system? How powerful of an amplifier can your vehicle’s electrical system support? It can be difficult to choose the right sub based on these criteria, especially since different vehicles offer different amounts of cabin gain. Would a single 10-inch sub in a sealed enclosure in the back of a Honda Fit be a suitable solution in a Cadillac Escalade or short-cab Ford F-150?

Custom-built Subwoofer Solutions

Your best choice to upgrade your vehicle with a subwoofer is to have your local mobile electronics specialist retailer design and construct a subwoofer system that is specific to your vehicle and your expectations. This process will start with your input in determining just how much bass you want. From there, your system designer can suggest a subwoofer or subwoofers that will meet your expectations.

Car Audio SubwooferThe next step is to decide where to install the subs. The simplest of custom enclosures would be a rectangular wooden cabinet that sits in the trunk or cargo area of your vehicle. The dimensions of the enclosure can be optimized to make the most use of the available space. This optimization may include angling the back of the enclosure to follow the angle of the seats.

Depending on your goals and expectations, you may choose to have the enclosure finished in a material that matches the interior. For a more-customized look, you may want the enclosure wrapped in vinyl that is the same color and grain as the trim panels in your vehicle.

Car Audio SubwooferIf you want something truly unique, then ask about including LED lighting in the enclosure. You can choose to have a Lexan or Plexiglas window added and illuminate the interior of the enclosure or add acrylic plastic accent pieces that light up. Upgrades at this level are often combined with enclosures finished with multiple materials – different colors of vinyl can provide amazing cosmetics.

Advanced Subwoofer Enclosure Designs

Car Audio SubwooferThe next step, beyond a simple wooden enclosure, would be one that is shaped to fit the unique contours of your vehicle. Enclosures of this type are often built using a combination of wood and fiberglass or layers of wood that are stacked one on top of another to create complex contours. The most-common application like this is where a subwoofer is being fitted into the corner of a trunk or hatch area, but is also often placed under the trunk floor in a spare tire well. The passenger-side footwell of a two-seat vehicle is another popular location for this type of enclosure.

Due to the complexity of these enclosures, they will typically cost more. The trade-off is that they integrate better into your vehicle – providing you with the acoustic performance you want without taking up valuable cargo area.

Application-specific Subwoofer Systems

Car Audio SubwooferCompanies like JL Audio, MTX and Kicker offer subwoofer systems designed for specific models of vehicles. These enclosures are designed to offer impressive performance while minimizing how much space they use. Some companies construct these enclosures from fiberglass in large molds, while others use thick plastics. In most cases, while these enclosures are visible once installed, they are available in materials that match the color of the vehicle interior. An application-specific enclosure is a great way to add amazing bass to a vehicle quickly and efficiently.

A subsection of these application-specific enclosures is truck boxes. No, not the thin, wedge-style enclosures that fit behind the seat, but complex enclosures that use the space under a rear bench seat in a pickup. Companies like Audio Enhancers, Bassworx and Atrend offer cost-effective solutions that will accept the subwoofer of your choice. In most of these applications, you need a shallow subwoofer because mounting depth is quite limited.

Shallow Subwoofers

Car Audio SubwooferYou’ll note that we haven’t discussed the specific features of subwoofers that differentiate one from another. This omission is quite deliberate because we will dedicate an entire article to that topic. In the meantime, it is worth discussing the difference between a conventional subwoofer and a shallow-mount design.

Shallow subwoofers were originally designed for use behind the seat of a pickup truck. Shallow cones, baskets and motor structures provide mounting depths of around 3 to 3.5 inches. Historically, the tradeoff for this reduced mounting depth has been a dramatic decrease in cone excursion capability. Over the past few years, companies like JL Audio, Illusion Audio, Kicker, Focal, Rockford Fosgate, ARC Audio and Audiomobile have worked hard to maximize the performance of their shallow-mount subwoofers to the point that they offer similar, if not better, performance than some conventional designs.

Audition a Subwoofer System Today!

We will leave you with this as the starting point for choosing a subwoofer solution for your vehicle. In the next article, we’ll explain the performance benefits and drawbacks of different subwoofer enclosure designs, then wrap up our buyer’s guide series with an explanation of advanced subwoofer design features that offer audible improvements in performance. Until then, visit your local specialist mobile enhancement retailer and audition one of their demo vehicles that has a subwoofer. We are sure you’ll be impressed and want one for your car or truck.
Car Audio SubwooferNo single upgrade to an audio system offers a larger improvement in sound quality than the addition of a car audio subwoofer. Adding a subwoofer not only improves the low-frequency performance of your sound system, it can also improve the clarity of the entire system and enhance the volume level capabilities of the smaller speakers in your car. In this issue of Bang for Your Buck, we are going to look at a few popular subwoofer upgrade options available for adding bass to your vehicle.

What is a Car Audio Subwoofer?

Car Audio SubwooferIn the simplest of terms, a subwoofer is a large speaker designed to play frequencies below 100 Hz at relatively high output levels. Subwoofers are most commonly available in 10- and 12-inch sizes, but 6.5-, 8-, 13.5- and 15-inch subs are also readily available.

To reproduce low-frequency information with authority, a speaker has to move a lot of air. In fact, for every octave lower a speaker is to play, it has to move four times as far to produce the same volume level. If your sub is moving 1 mm back and forth at 80 Hz, it has to move 4 mm at 40 Hz and an impressive 16 mm at 20 Hz. Most people find a pulsing bass line of 40–50 Hz to be fun. That said, feeling the rumble of deep bass like the introduction to “Boom Boom Pow” by the Black Eyed Peas or the pulse in Pink Floyd’s “Time” can cause goosebumps.

Subwoofer Power Handling

Most people associate subwoofers with their power-handling capabilities. While not a direct determining factor in the quality of a subwoofer, power handling is important in terms of choosing the right subwoofer for your sound system. If you want to listen to your sound system at high volume levels, you need powerful amplifiers and speakers that can handle that power while being able to move adequately to reproduce sound at high levels. It is no surprise that the output and power handling are directly related, since it takes amplifier power to make a speaker cone move.

Car Audio SubwooferPicking “enough” subwoofer depends on several factors. How loud is loud enough? How much space can you afford to give the subwoofer system? How powerful of an amplifier can your vehicle’s electrical system support? It can be difficult to choose the right sub based on these criteria, especially since different vehicles offer different amounts of cabin gain. Would a single 10-inch sub in a sealed enclosure in the back of a Honda Fit be a suitable solution in a Cadillac Escalade or short-cab Ford F-150?

Custom-built Subwoofer Solutions

Your best choice to upgrade your vehicle with a subwoofer is to have your local mobile electronics specialist retailer design and construct a subwoofer system that is specific to your vehicle and your expectations. This process will start with your input in determining just how much bass you want. From there, your system designer can suggest a subwoofer or subwoofers that will meet your expectations.

Car Audio SubwooferThe next step is to decide where to install the subs. The simplest of custom enclosures would be a rectangular wooden cabinet that sits in the trunk or cargo area of your vehicle. The dimensions of the enclosure can be optimized to make the most use of the available space. This optimization may include angling the back of the enclosure to follow the angle of the seats.

Depending on your goals and expectations, you may choose to have the enclosure finished in a material that matches the interior. For a more-customized look, you may want the enclosure wrapped in vinyl that is the same color and grain as the trim panels in your vehicle.

Car Audio SubwooferIf you want something truly unique, then ask about including LED lighting in the enclosure. You can choose to have a Lexan or Plexiglas window added and illuminate the interior of the enclosure or add acrylic plastic accent pieces that light up. Upgrades at this level are often combined with enclosures finished with multiple materials – different colors of vinyl can provide amazing cosmetics.

Advanced Subwoofer Enclosure Designs

Car Audio SubwooferThe next step, beyond a simple wooden enclosure, would be one that is shaped to fit the unique contours of your vehicle. Enclosures of this type are often built using a combination of wood and fiberglass or layers of wood that are stacked one on top of another to create complex contours. The most-common application like this is where a subwoofer is being fitted into the corner of a trunk or hatch area, but is also often placed under the trunk floor in a spare tire well. The passenger-side footwell of a two-seat vehicle is another popular location for this type of enclosure.

Due to the complexity of these enclosures, they will typically cost more. The trade-off is that they integrate better into your vehicle – providing you with the acoustic performance you want without taking up valuable cargo area.

Application-specific Subwoofer Systems

Car Audio SubwooferCompanies like JL Audio, MTX and Kicker offer subwoofer systems designed for specific models of vehicles. These enclosures are designed to offer impressive performance while minimizing how much space they use. Some companies construct these enclosures from fiberglass in large molds, while others use thick plastics. In most cases, while these enclosures are visible once installed, they are available in materials that match the color of the vehicle interior. An application-specific enclosure is a great way to add amazing bass to a vehicle quickly and efficiently.

A subsection of these application-specific enclosures is truck boxes. No, not the thin, wedge-style enclosures that fit behind the seat, but complex enclosures that use the space under a rear bench seat in a pickup. Companies like Audio Enhancers, Bassworx and Atrend offer cost-effective solutions that will accept the subwoofer of your choice. In most of these applications, you need a shallow subwoofer because mounting depth is quite limited.

Shallow Subwoofers

Car Audio SubwooferYou’ll note that we haven’t discussed the specific features of subwoofers that differentiate one from another. This omission is quite deliberate because we will dedicate an entire article to that topic. In the meantime, it is worth discussing the difference between a conventional subwoofer and a shallow-mount design.

Shallow subwoofers were originally designed for use behind the seat of a pickup truck. Shallow cones, baskets and motor structures provide mounting depths of around 3 to 3.5 inches. Historically, the tradeoff for this reduced mounting depth has been a dramatic decrease in cone excursion capability. Over the past few years, companies like JL Audio, Illusion Audio, Kicker, Focal, Rockford Fosgate, ARC Audio and Audiomobile have worked hard to maximize the performance of their shallow-mount subwoofers to the point that they offer similar, if not better, performance than some conventional designs.

Audition a Subwoofer System Today!

We will leave you with this as the starting point for choosing a subwoofer solution for your vehicle. In the next article, we’ll explain the performance benefits and drawbacks of different subwoofer enclosure designs, then wrap up our buyer’s guide series with an explanation of advanced subwoofer design features that offer audible improvements in performance. Until then, visit your local specialist mobile enhancement retailer and audition one of their demo vehicles that has a subwoofer. We are sure you’ll be impressed and want one for your car or truck.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

Filed Under: ARTICLES, Car Audio, RESOURCE LIBRARY

Music Listening Preferences

Music ListeningWhen it comes to designing car audio systems, retailers need to take into account how their clients want their music to sound. Everyone seems to have different preferences for the amount of bass or high-frequency content. These tonal balance preferences can change based on the choice of music and the listener’s mood. In most cases, a well-designed sound system can handle any music listening preferences.

A preference that is harder to change is where the music seems to come from. Many mobile audio aficionados prefer the music to come from a virtual soundstage as much in front of them as possible. Many people also prefer their music to wrap around them, with as much coming from behind as in front.

There is no right or wrong, so long as you are happy with the way your system sounds.

In this article, we discuss how the client’s preferences can affect the way a mobile audio system is designed. We’ll also look at a few options for the performance of these systems.

Recording Studio Sound

Music ListeningUp until recently, most recording studios used a pair of high-quality speakers placed equidistantly in front of the mixing console. The recording engineer would balance the level and placement of the instruments and performers, using these speakers as his reference. The result was a soundstage that spanned the distance between the speakers.

Attending an outdoor concert may yield a similar listening experience. In a venue like that, the sound comes from in front of you – be it the sound created directly by the instruments, or from the PA gear set up on or beside the stage.

In your car, this can be recreated by focusing on the placement and quality of the front speakers. A good set of components can offer similar performance. Adding a digital signal processor (DSP) can dramatically improve the accuracy of the system by compensating for frequency response, arrival time and speaker volume level differences. When you listen to a quality recording, each performer will seem to be in a specific location on the soundstage.

What about Club Sound?

Music ListeningThere are lots of ways to describe the experience of having the music come from all around the vehicle, but the analogy of a nightclub or – as we old fogies like to call them – a disco might work best. The concept here is that the music will seem to come from all around you. Unlike a performance where you can point to the source of sound from each instrument, it envelops the listening space. In most of these systems, we still balance the system with dedicated left and right channels.

What about those cars and trucks with all the PA speakers in the doors? Not a pair of speakers, but something like eight speakers in each door, with several high-efficiency bullet tweeters. In these designs, if indeed the goal is sheer volume, it might make more sense to forego keeping the music in stereo and use a processor to combine the left and right channel, so it’s simply as loud as possible.

You Haven’t Mentioned a Concert Hall

Music ListeningYou may have noticed that we haven’t talked about a live performance that takes place in a concert hall or indoor venue. This has been quite deliberate.

Imagine heading out for dinner to a local restaurant that has a small band playing. Maybe it’s rock music with a guitarist, bassist, drummer and lead singer. Or perhaps it’s a three-piece jazz ensemble with a piano, saxophone and upright bass. If the performance is acoustic, other than for an amp for an electric guitar or bass, the source of the music will be easy to define as coming from the instruments – but that isn’t the extent of the experience.

Every confined space, except an anechoic chamber, causes the sound to reflect off the floors, walls and ceiling. You hear the music directly from the instrument or performer first, then those same sounds as they reflect off objects and surfaces. The total experience is defined by the mixture of all these sounds.

Live Performance Sound

Music Listening
Ryman Auditorium in Nashville, TN

A great example of a live performance sound would be a venue like the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. Known primarily as the home of the Grand Ole Opry, this amazing auditorium continues in operation today and has hosted performers like Bruce Springsteen, Mumford and Sons, Tom Petty, the Foo Fighters, Coldplay and Kesha, along with classic country music performers. The Ryman Auditorium is considered by many as having the best acoustics in the world. Coldplay said it is “the greatest theatre in the world,” bested only by the Mormon Tabernacle in Salt Lake City.

What does this mean? If you have been to the Ryman or the Mormon Tabernacle, you know that these spaces have distinctive echoes, reflections and reverberations. You can quite literally hear a pin drop on the stage from almost any seat in the house. It is this incredible live sound that performers and attendees enjoy. How do we recreate that experience in our cars and trucks?

If the music you are listening to was recorded in a live venue and not in a studio, then the reflections and reverberations will be contained in the recording. Recordings of orchestras and choirs performing classical music are good examples of this. If your sound system is tuned well and offers an accurate soundstage with excellent imaging, it will reproduce the ambiance and a sense of the room size of these recordings.

Signal Processing Solutions

Music ListeningAnother option is to use a signal processor to create a sense of room size. In the 1990s and 2000s, lots of processors had presets for jazz, concert and club settings that added reverberation and delay to dedicated rear channel outputs. These technologies have evolved to more-advanced processing algorithms like Bose Panaray and Quantum Logic Surround from Harman. These systems can analyze the content of a stereo recording and extract information that should be reproduced by side and rear speakers to create an immersive listening experience. If your vehicle has one of these technologies, your local mobile enhancement retailer can make it sound even better by adding a premium subwoofer system, since factory stereo systems rarely offer great bass performance.

The forthcoming Audiofrog Multiseat processor works similarly, analyzing the content of the music and directing it to left, center, right, left and right side, and left and right rear speaker outputs. Sure, you need a lot of speakers and amplifier channels to make full use of the system, but enjoying a realistic musical experience from any seat in the vehicle is worth the effort.

What to Know Before Going Shopping

If you want to upgrade the sound system in your car, truck or SUV, do a little homework before you start shopping. Play with the fader control in your car to determine how you want the new system to sound. If you can tell the salesperson how you want your new system to sound, they can help you choose the right products much more quickly and let the installer know how to configure the system so it sounds exactly the way you want. If you aren’t sure which you prefer, ask if they have a demo vehicle you can audition. That’s a great way to experience a high-end audio system.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

Filed Under: ARTICLES, Car Audio, RESOURCE LIBRARY

Car Audio Technologies

Car Audio TechnologiesJust as the invention of the transistor eliminated the need for vacuum tubes, advances in technology allow us to create new and unique entertainment solutions with more and more features. We thought it would be fun to take a quick look at a few important car audio technologies throughout history.

Transistors

Car Audio TechnologiesThe first car radios used vacuum tubes as integral parts of their tuner and amplifier circuitry. Tubes required high-voltage power supplies and consumed a lot of power. They produce a lot of heat and are fragile. The result was finicky products with limited performance. The first transistor was theorized in 1926 but wasn’t built for the first time until 1947. It wasn’t until 1955 that we saw Chrysler and Philco announce the first automotive transistor radio – the Mopar model 914HR.

The transistor is considered one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. Transistors improved the efficiency and reliability of electronics components and led to the creation of microchips and ultimately computers. The Apple A11 Bionic CPU, found in the iPhone 8, 8 Plus and iPhone X, has 4.3 million transistors built into it. The Microsoft Xbox One main CPU has more than 7 million transistors inside. More impressively, a 128 gigabyte stick of DRAM memory has more than 137 quadrillion transistors!

Broadcast Radio

Car Audio TechnologiesRadio was truly the technology that drove car audio systems. The first radio broadcasts were weekly special events that included concerts in 1914 and daily news broadcasts in 1916. On May 20, 1920, XWA – the experimental station of the Canadian Marconi Co. – began regular broadcasts in Montreal. XWA claims status as the first commercial broadcaster in the world. These were all AM (amplitude modulation) stations. FM (frequency modulation) radio was patented in 1933, but it wasn’t until the late ’30s that FM broadcasts became popular. The broadcast of a stereo FM signal was first considered by the FCC in the late 1950s, and a standard was approved in 1961.

The Compact Cassette and 8-Track Tape

Car Audio TechnologiesReel-to-reel recording on magnetic tapes was popular in the 1940s but wasn’t suitable for use in mobile applications. The 8-track was preceded by the Stereo-Pak 4-track cartridge in 1962. The endless-loop cartridge could store both sides of a vinyl album. The 8-track, known originally as the Lear Jet Stereo 8 Track Cartridge, was launched by Bill Lear in 1963. In 1965, Ford offered factory and dealer-installed 8-track options on its Mustang and Thunderbird and on several high-end Lincoln vehicles.

Call it a tape or a cassette, the first compact cassette (as we know it) was introduced by the Phillips Corp. in 1963 as a storage medium for dictation machines. Widespread use of the compact cassette in the mid-’70s and the introduction of chromium dioxide (CrO2) as a premium recording medium and Dolby B noise reduction spelled the end of the 8-track.

Digital Audio

Car Audio TechnologiesMost people don’t realize that digital audio (known then as pulse code modulation) was invented in 1937 in Britain and was used in telecommunications. In the late ’60s, Denon pioneered commercial digital recording. The BBC used digital audio transmissions to link its broadcast center to its transmitter in 1972. Sony and Mitsubishi drove the consumer popularization of digital audio in the early ’80s and brought about acceptance by major record companies. The first compact disc was released in 1982 using the Red Book Compact Disc Digital Audio (CD-DA) standard that is still in use today. The first OEM-installed CD players were in the 1987 Lincoln Town Car.

Class D Amplifiers

Car Audio TechnologiesThe benefit of Class D amplifiers is their efficiency and low-to-moderate power levels. Class D amps use high-frequency pulse-width modulation waveforms to switch MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) on and off very quickly to amplify signals. Filter networks on the output of the circuits remove high-frequency noise so that only the audio signal is left to drive our speakers. Class D amplifiers allow manufacturers to produce much more powerful amplifiers that take up very little space. These amplifiers consume less current than their Class AB counterparts.

Computerized Source Units

Around 1980, we saw the first digitally tuned car radios. Mechanical tuning knobs and presets were replaced with vacuum fluorescent displays and electronic buttons. This would lead to computerized source units that included electronically controlled cassette players and equalizers with spectrum displays around 1982. By the late ’80s, with the growing popularity of CD players, having a microcontroller built into a car radio was commonplace.

Around 1992, companies like Alpine and Clarion were selling in-vehicle navigation systems that included LCD screens, and by 1993, digital communication solutions were available to transmit computer information to vehicles. In 1998, Clarion launched the AutoPC in conjunction with Microsoft to become the first in-vehicle computer. Modern multimedia receivers now run embedded versions of Windows and Linux operating systems.

The Apple iPod

Car Audio TechnologiesThe Apple iPod was introduced in the fall of 2001. The original compact digital media players were only compatible with computers running the Apple Macintosh operating system and as such, sales were limited. In 2003, the iPod 3G was launched with a standard USB port instead of Firewire, making it compatible with Windows-based PCs as well. By June 2003, Apple had sold 1 million iPods.

In June 2005, BMW announced that an iPod adapter would be available for the 3 Series, the Z4 Roadster, the X3 and X5 and the Mini Cooper, and was backward compatible to many 2002 models.

By 2005, the iPod was a popular solution for carrying thousands of songs, and Clarion launched its VRX745VD – a single-DIN multimedia receiver with a dedicated iPod interface. The iPod quickly replaced the CD changer as a means of storing a large number of songs in vehicles.

Bluetooth

Car Audio TechnologiesThough incorrectly perceived as a hands-free and audio streaming technology, Bluetooth was created in 1994 as an alternative to RS-232 wired communication. Within the Bluetooth communication standards are dozens of profiles, including fax, cordless telephony, printing, file transfer, dial-up networking and of course, the hands-free and audio distribution profiles that we know and love! In 2002, the Audi R8 was the first to apply Bluetooth technology in a car. DaimlerChrysler, Acura and BMW joined in 2003.

Apple CarPlay and Android Auto

Car Audio TechnologiesSince the very first car radios were built, people were concerned about them being a distraction. Turning the tuner knob to find a local station meant you weren’t focused on the road in front of you. In the late ’90s, we saw drivers with headsets and earpieces making phone calls while they drove. Adding a headset was a common purchase with a new phone. In the mid-2000s, Bluetooth communication replaced wired hands-free connections.

Data distractions took off in the late ’90s and early 2000s with the Blackberry. When smartphone technology took off in the 2000s, so did text messaging. We now had lots of ways to distract us from our driving duties.

Apple realized that the smartphone was as much of a problem as it was a solution in the early 2010s. In 2013, Siri Eyes Free was offered as a dealer-installed accessory for several Honda and Acura vehicles. In 2014, the Ferrari FF became the first new vehicle to come equipped with Apple CarPlay.

CarPlay is a software application that runs on the multimedia source unit in the vehicle and uses the Siri voice recognition engine built into the iPhone to allow voice commands to be executed. You can send a text message, make a phone call or choose the music you want by simply asking. Turn-by-turn navigation is also included.

The Open Automotive Alliance announced in 2014 that it would introduce a competing technology for Android-based smartphones called Android Auto. The 2015 Hyundai Sonata was the first OEM implementation of Android Auto. Few car audio technologies have rivaled the importance of CarPlay and Android Auto.

Technology for Safety and Entertainment

There have been hundreds, if not thousands, of milestones throughout the 100-plus years of automotive technology advances. These innovations are just a sampling of the way mobile electronics have evolved and changed. If you are looking for the latest and greatest car audio technologies, or simply want to improve the performance of your entertainment system, visit your local mobile electronics specialist retailer.

This article is written and produced by the team at www.BestCarAudio.com. Reproduction or use of any kind is prohibited without the express written permission of 1sixty8 media.

(ipod photo:KAMiKAZOW [CC BY or CC BY 3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0)], from Wikimedia Commons)

Filed Under: ARTICLES, Car Audio, RESOURCE LIBRARY

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